|
Landskrona is a late medieval town located at the shores of Øresund, founded at the location of the former Danish fishing village ''Sønder Sæby'' in the province of Scania by king Erik VII of Pomerania early in the 15th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.citadellet.com/landskrona-citadell-en-minihistoria/ )〕 In 1720 the town, like its province, became a formal part of Sweden. Around the Castle build by Danish king Christian III in 1549, Landskrona Citadel, a huge system of moats emerged over the centuries, also in the town's Swedish history. Today the Citadel is famous for its well preserved moat system, which includes parts of four moats. At the northern part of the Citadel, Sweden's second, and today oldest allotment area is located. Its port is based on a natural chute in the sandy sea floor, despite the lack of any nearby debouching river. The town is the seat of Landskrona Municipality. The town which in March 2013 celebrated its 600th birthday had close to 33,000 inhabitants at that time.〔Special 600 year magazine given to all household in the municipality, labeled "Landzcrone"〕 The town had for many years a car ferry line to Copenhagen (''Tuborg harbour'', 70 minutes) Landskrona is located close to the Danish Capital. From ''Rådhustorget'' (Town Hall Square) in Landskrona to Amalienborg Royal Palace in central Copenhagen, the crow flight distance is around 22-23 km. In the later parts of the 19th century the town was transformed from a military settlement to a heavy industrial town. Between 1917 and 1983 Öresundsvarvet shipyard had up to 3,500 employees, but the town also had large manufacturers in the chemical and textile industry sectors. The football club Landskrona BoIS, which has participated in either of the top two Swedish league divisions during all but five seasons, ever since the Swedish football league system began in 1924-25, has always been important for the town and its inhabitants. ==History== The city of Landskrona was founded at the location of Scania's (at that time a part of Denmark) best natural harbour, this an example of King Eric of Pomerania's anti-Hanseatic policy intended to compete with Danish towns under Hanseatic control. A Carmelite monastery was founded in 1410, English merchants were granted the privileges in a royal charter in 1412, and the town itself was chartered in 1413. The foundation was done at a place for a fishing settlement, historical described as ''Sønder Sæby'' ("sønder" means "southern"). Today, there is still a very small settlement just north of the town, known as ''Säby'' (''Sæby'' in Danish). This probably was the ''Nørre Sæby'' ("nørre" means "northern") in the beginning of the 15th century, but since the southern village became the town, the need for distinguishing northern and southern Sæby disappeared. The original name of the officially founded town was ''Landszcrone''. But changed to ''Landskrone'' sometime before 1450.〔Special "newspaper", labeled "Landszcrone" given free to all households in Landskrona municipality in March 2013, as a part of the 600-year anniversary celebration〕 The town supported the king Christian II of Denmark (1525), and opposed the Reformation in Denmark (1535), and in both cases found itself among the defeated. The Reformist King Christian III of Denmark opted not to retaliate against the town, and instead founded a castle to protect the harbour. The castle, built where the monastery had been situated until the Reformation (which reached Denmark in 1536), was completed by 1559. When Scania had been ceded to Sweden in 1658, the good harbour and the strong fort were reasons for plans to make Landskrona a commercial center of the acquired territory, with extraordinary privileges for foreign trade. The castle was reinforced by bastions, and the area inside the moats extended to 400x400 meters. The castle was considered the strongest and most modern in Scandinavia, but was temporarily lost to the Danes after a comparably short siege July 8-August 2, 1676. The commandant Colonel Hieronymus Lindeberg was consequently sentenced to death for high treason.〔 Any further plans for Landskrona were however not realized, for various reasons. The continued Swedish-Danish wars favoured Karlskrona, located at a safer distance from Denmark, replacing Landskrona as a naval base, and as such the fortifications were discontinued. Malmö remained the most important commercial town, despite Malmö lacking a harbour until the late 18th century. The fortifications at Landskrona were expanded considerably between 1747 and 1788, but were condemned in 1822, whereafter the garrison was abolished in 1869. The last military regiment, ''Skånska Husarregimentet, K5'' was renamed and moved from Landskrona (and neighbouring city Helsingborg) in the mid-1920s, to Uppsala〔Swedish Wiki, "Skånska Husarregimentet"〕 In 1753 the Swedish military commander suddenly feared that the tower of Sancti Johannis Baptistae church could be a threat to the Citadel and demanded a demolition of the church 〔Swedish encyklopedia "Lilla Uppslagsboken", 1958 Förlagshuset Norden AB, Malmö, volyme 6 of 10,article "Landskrona"〕 Even though the corner stone of a new church was laid the following year, the Sofia Albertina Church (by Carl Hårleman) wasn't inaugurated until 1788. And first by 1812 it was finished.〔〔 Possibly as a compensation for the medieval and much larger old church, the new one got two towers. Which is considered rare for a non-Bishop seat church. The walls and moats of the fortifications of Landskrona Citadel are today a recreational area. On its northern side, an allotment-garden area of cottages was founded in the final years of the 19th century. It's the oldest of its kind in Sweden today. The town grew quickly after the industrial revolution and subsequent urbanization. During the first World War a large shipyard, ''Öresundsvarvet'' was constructed, but after the war the fast growing of Landskrona slowed, while nearby towns like Helsingborg, Lund and Malmö continued to grow. In the mid-1970s the shipyard had more than 3,500 people employed, this in a town with only 30,000 inhabitants (38,000 in the broader municipality). The shipyard was closed down in stages, and the very end came in 1983.〔 Between 1930 and 1939 were the Saxtorp TT-races held, just south of the town. These motorcycle races are considered the largest sporting events by crowd ever held in Sweden, as the events gathered up to 160.000 attenders 〔() 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Landskrona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|